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| 美国数据战略的演化逻辑、外溢效应与我国的战略选择 |
| The Evolutionary Logic of the U.S. Data Strategy, Its Spillover Effects, and China"s Strategic Choices |
| 投稿时间：2026-04-14 修订日期：2026-04-14 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 数据战略 数据主权 跨境数据流动 人工智能 |
| 英文关键词: data strategy data sovereignty cross-border data flow artificial intelligence Digital China |
| 基金项目:本文系北京市社会科学基金重点项目“北京市打造具有国际竞争力的数字产业集群研究”(编号：24JCB027)和国家自然科学基金专项项目“数据市场化配置规律及其对数据价值释放的影响机理研究”(编号：72442026)的阶段性成果。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 数据已成为大国战略竞争的核心生产要素。美国数据战略经历了从碎片化政策向多层次战略体系的系统性演进,形成了“驱动—供给—流动—治理”四维联动的内在逻辑：对内以制度供给塑造数据资源的结构性控制,对外以规则霸权扩张数据主权与域外管辖权。美国数据战略架构通过跨境数据流动规则传导、数据主权博弈激化和全球AI基础设施竞争重塑三重机制,产生深刻的国际外溢效应。在对华政策层面,美国以数据安全计划为核心工具,构建了覆盖数据全链条的阻断截流体系,对我国数据基础制度、产业安全和国际规则话语权形成多维冲击。我国应从制度创新夯实数据要素市场根基、筑牢自主可控的数据基础设施、构建繁荣有序的数据产业生态、优化数据跨境流动便利化机制、助力Token(词元)出海、依托世界数据组织提升全球治理话语权等维度构建系统性应对策略,在数据竞争的时代变局中把握战略主动权。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Data has become a core production factor in strategic competition among major powers. The United States" data strategy has evolved systematically from fragmented policies to a multi-level strategic system, forming an internal logic of four-dimensional linkage: "drive—supply—flow—governance." Domestically, it shapes structural control over data resources through institutional supply; externally, it expands data sovereignty and extraterritorial jurisdiction through rule-based hegemony. The U.S. data strategy framework produces profound international spillover effects through three mechanisms: the transmission of cross-border data flow rules, intensified competition over data sovereignty, and the reshaping of global AI infrastructure competition. In terms of policy toward China, the U.S. has built a blockade and interception system covering the entire data chain with data security initiatives as the core tool, creating multidimensional impacts on China"s basic data institutions, industrial security, and influence in international rule-making. China should develop a systematic response strategy by strengthening the market foundation of data elements through institutional innovation, fortifying self-controlled data infrastructure, building a prosperous and orderly data industry ecosystem, optimizing the facilitation mechanisms for cross-border data flows, supporting the overseas deployment of tokens, and enhancing global governance discourse power through the World Data Organization, in order to seize strategic initiative in the era of data competition. |
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