| 陈振宇,黄颖.基于预期理论的“只”字句统一解释[J].井冈山大学社科版,2025,(1):87-96 |
| 基于预期理论的“只”字句统一解释 |
| Unified Explanation for Chinese Sentences with Zhi through Expectation Theory |
| 投稿时间：2024-11-09 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-8107.2025.01.010 |
| 中文关键词: 只|质与量|预期主观概率|概率梯级|雪球梯级 |
| 英文关键词: zhi (只)|quality and quantity|subjective probabilities of expectation|probability-based scalar|snowball scalar |
| 基金项目:国家社科基金重大项目“形式语义学的汉语研究与形式语义学理论创新”（项目编号：22&ZD295） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 汉语副词“只”被分析为两种不同的功能：质的限制和量的限制，这能解释很多汉语语法现象。但是毕竟在汉语母语者心中，只有一个“只”，所以需要统一解释“只”的基本意义和功能，并且探讨各种具体“只”字句的意义，以及决定差异的关键因素。通过引入“预期主观概率”构成的“概率梯级”理论模型，我们将各种“只”字句统一为量的限制：梯级分为两段，“只X”中的X表示概率较大的那段的右边界，句子表示事件X为事实，而概率较小的那一段没有或不会成为事实。区分质和量的关键因素是，梯级序列是否是雪球梯级。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The Chinese adverb "zhi" (只) has been analyzed to serve two distinct functions: qualitative restriction and quantitative restriction, which can account for many grammatical phenomena in Chinese. However, given that native Chinese speakers perceive "zhi" as a single concept, it is necessary to provide a unified explanation of its basic meaning and functions, and to explore the meanings of various specific sentences containing "zhi", as well as the key factors that determine their differences. By introducing the theoretical model of a "probability-based scalar" constructed from "subjective probabilities of expectation", we unify the interpretations of various "zhi" sentences under the framework of quantitative restriction: the scalar is divided into two segments, where X in "zhi X" represents the right boundary of the segment with a higher probability. The sentence asserts that the event X is a fact, while the event in the lower-probability segment does not or will not become a fact. The crucial factor distinguishing qualitative and quantitative restrictions lies in whether the scalar sequence is a snowball scalar. |
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