| 陈谷嘉.朱元璋与明初理学[J].井冈山大学社科版,2012,(2):43-53 |
| 朱元璋与明初理学 |
| On Zhu Yuanzhang and the Neo-Confucianism in Early Ming Dynasty |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 朱元璋 明初 理学 朱学危机 |
| 英文关键词: Zhu Yuanzhang Early Ming Dynasty Neo-Confuciansm Gisis of the Zhu Xi School |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 明王朝创立者朱元璋出身草根,但他自幼怀有强烈的读书之志,在其反元斗争中,主动寻求机会结交儒士,学习文化,既得治国用世之人才,又得指点其认识和理解儒学精义之师,进而亲近儒学,为他建立明朝即选择并确立程朱理学为明王朝的统治思想奠定了基础。与汉、宋等王朝开国以后要经历相当长时期的思想酝酿阶段才确立其政治统治思想有所不同,朱元璋在开国之初便确立理学作为明王朝的统治思想。因此,朱元璋在近臣解缙的建议下,开始排除杂书异说而旨在思想一统的＂勒成一经＂的理论编织。由开国皇帝朱元璋与其子明成祖朱棣直接领导和导演下,打着＂家孔孟而户程朱＂的旗帜,开始了大规模地编纂《五经大全》、《四书大全》《性理大全》三部理学巨著。明初三部《大全》的编纂最终确立了程朱理学的绝对统治。朱元璋以程朱理学为明王朝统治思想的开局,使得明初理学成为政治权威原理和统治工具,理学原有的学理性和人文精神受到窒息,失去了它发展的生机与活力,出现了理学发展的危机,成为王学崛起的理论前提。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Though Zhu Yuanzhang,the founder of Ming Dynasty,was born in grass-root family,he had strong desires for learning since his early childhood.During his struggle against Yuan Dynasty Zhu managed to make friends with Confucians who,in addition to teaching him literacy and giving advices for national administration,guided him to Confucian doctrines.This led him approaching to Confucianism and laid a foundation for his adoption of Neo-Confucianism advanced by ChengYi and Zhu Xi as the dominant ideologies upon establishment of his Dynasty.His very early decision of dominant ideologies was quite different from those in Han and Song Dynasties when the ideologies would be fixed long after the establishment.Following the suggestion of his minister Xie Jin,Zhu Yuanzhang ordered to exclude non-Confucian theories and fabricate a uniform doctrine framework.Under the imperial decrees and directions of Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Di,his second successor,compilation of Neo-Confucian classics rolled out in large scales and the major outcomes were Wujing Daquan(Complete Collection and Exegesis of Five Classics),Sishu Daquan(Complete Collection and Exegesis of Four Books) and Xingli Daquan(Complete Works on Nature and Rationality).The compilations finally established the absolute dominance by Neo-Confucianism of Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi.However,Zhu Yuanzhang’s decision made the Neo-Confucianism in early Ming Dynasty a source of political authority and an instrument for reign.As its academic nature and humanistic spirits were suppressed,Neo-Confucianism lost its vitality and development opportunities and inevitably met its crisis,which provided theoretical foundations for the rise of Wang Yangming’s Confucianism. |
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