| 董志翘.汉译佛典中多音节同义复用形式的来源及最终双音化选择[J].井冈山大学社科版,2024,45(3):79-96 |
| 汉译佛典中多音节同义复用形式的来源及最终双音化选择 |
| On Source and Selection of Phonetic Forms of Polysyllabic Synonyms in Chinese Version of Buddhism Scripture |
| 投稿时间：2024-01-02 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-8107.2024.03.010 |
| 中文关键词: 汉译佛典 多音节 同义复用 来源 双音化 选择 |
| 英文关键词: Chinese versions of Buddhism scriptures polysyllabic synonymous reuse source disyllabification selection |
| 基金项目:国家社科基金重点项目“中古汉语虚词研究及中古汉语虚词词典编撰”（项目编号：18AYY020） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 汉语中多音节（三音节以上）同义复用形式的起源很早，在上古中土文献中就已出现，但比较罕见。而到了中古时期的汉译佛典中，此类现象却陡然增多。从精确表义（单音多义词，与一个具有同一义位的单音词并列复用，以突显其共同的义位）这一角度而论，超过两个音节的同义复用形式，均为“羡余”。那么此类现象汉译佛典中为何大量出现呢？其主要原因或与汉译佛典的文体形式（如汉译佛典从韵律而言正文多四字格，偈语大多为五字格、七字格）有关，有时为了形式整齐、凑足音节而复叠同义字词。其次要原因或与对佛经原典中固有的同义复用形式的直接翻译有关。从汉译佛典中多音节同义复用形式的组合来看，这些多音节同义复用形式大多数源自两个双音节的组合（四音节）或一个双音节与一个单音节（三音节）的组合（极少数为三个及以上单音节的组合）。不过随着时代的推移，汉语词的音节总体上逐渐由单音节向双音节发展，于是汉译佛典中的多音节同义复用形式也逐渐向双音节规范，然后融入中土文献。这中间就要在多音节同义复用形式中作出选择（三者择其二，或四者择其二），而这种选择往往也是有规律可循的。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The origin of the form of polysyllabic synonyms (more than three tones) can be dated back to ancient Chinese literature with relatively rare in number. However, a sudden increase of polysyllabic synonyms occurred in the Chinese versions of Buddhism Scriptures of the Middle Ages. As a matter of fact, from the perspective of precise meaning expression(a monosyllabic polysemous word are juxtaposed with a monosyllabic word contained the same sememe to highlight their common sememe), synonymous expressions with more than two tones can be called redundancy. The present paper argued that, the sudden increase of polysyllabic synonyms is closely related with the stylistic form of the Chinese version of Buddhism Scriptures, such as four characters patterns in main contents and five or seven characters in patterns in prefix for the purpose of neat form and syllables overlapping. Secondly, it may be related to the literal translation of synonymy in the original Buddhist Scriptures. In the phonetic forms of polysyllabic synonyms in the Chinese Versions, most of them were formed in a combination of disyllables or tetrasyllables or a combination of a disyllables and a single syllable (trisyllables) (very few are combinations of three or more monosyllables). However, with the passage of time, the syllables of Chinese gradually developed from monosyllabic to disyllabic, which caused the polysyllabic synonym multiplexing in the Chinese Buddhist Scriptures to develop disyllabic norms in the ancient Chinese literature. In this process, it is necessary to make a choice between polysyllabic synonymous forms (two of the three or two of the four), and this choice is often rule-based. |
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